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Matthew
- Called Levi before his conversion.
He was a customs officer, ie. tax collector for the Roman occupiers.
In the Gospel of Luke tells that Jesus, while he is in Capernaum, see Levi sitting outside the customs booth, "and he said to him:" Follow me! ". And he let everything lie and followed him. "(Luke 5.27)
The disciple by customs booth is called Levi in both the Gospel of Mark and Luke, but in Matthew's Gospel he is suddenly called Matthew. This has given rise to speculation about whether Matthew's Gospel is in fact written by one of the twelve apostles.
According to tradition, was Matthew after Jesus' ascension missionary in Palestine and Ethiopia, where he was executed by sword.
Another tradition says that he was crucified on a T-shaped cross, called a Tau-cross.
Filip
- Was the fisherman from Bethsaida in Galilee, and was probably a disciple of John the Baptist. He was called an apostle of Jesus.
In the Gospel of John (John 1,43-49) narrated that he was after his convocation brought Natanael (Bartholomew) to Jesus.
It was also Philip, as some Greeks approached because they wanted to see Jesus (Joh.12 ,20-22), and it was Philip's prayer at the Last Supper that Christ had to declare: "He who has seen me has seen the Father ... .. I am in the Father and the Father is in me. "(John 14, 8-9)
Tradition says that Philip has missions in Skytia (now South Russia) and in Phrygia, a landscape in central Asia Minor, where he died between years 54 and 90 According to legend he was crucified 81 years under Emperor Domitian. .
Simon the Zealot
"Zealot" is Greek and means really: eager, zealous.
The term is used in the NT on a rabid Jewish party, whose goal was to liberate Israel from the Romans, if necessary with violence. The movement occurred around the year 0, and was defeated by the Romans year 73 AD
Jesus' disciple Simon, went by the nickname of "Zealot". Sometimes used instead of the Hebrew word "Canaanites".
. We do not know whether Simon was still zealots, when he became the disciple of Jesus, or whether the name comes from former ties to zelotpartiet.
Simon was, according to tradition, executed in Persia in order to spread Christianity. Han blev savet ihjel. He was sawn to death.
Thomas
- Also called Didymos, one of the twelve, had not been with them when Jesus came.
The other disciples said to him: "We have seen the Lord."
But Thomas said to them: "If I do not see nail marks in his hands and sticking my hand into his side, I think not."
Eight days after his disciples were again together, and Thomas was with them. When Jesus came, while the doors were shut, and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you!." Then he said to Thomas: "Put your finger, here are my hands, and stretch out your hand and put it in my hand and do not be unbelieving, but believing. "
Thomas replied: "My Lord and my God!"
Jesus said to him: "You believe because you have seen me. Blessed are they who have not seen and yet believe. "(John 20, 24-29)
Thomas worked as a missionary in India. It is said that he was taken there as an engineer from an Indian king who wanted him to build a Roman palace. But when the king traveled, Thomas distributed money to the poor, who were baptized into Abundant.
According to tradition, Thomas was killed by stoning after a contract from an Indian king.
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Bartholomew
- Nathanael, and both names are used in the Gospels. Jesus called Bartholomew for "an Israelite, which is without guile" (John 1.47)
Bartholomew was renowned for his ability to heal the sick and occupied, and was, according to tradition, a missionary in particular Indien, Mesopotamien, Arabien and Armenia. He had a terrible final when he was sentenced Persian Astyages "Persian capital punishment" for his Christian faith. He was skinned alive and then crucified.
Paul
- Is the only apostle who was not also one of Jesus' disciples.
His name was originally Saul, on whom the book of Acts (chapter 8, 3) says: "But Saul sought to destroy the church, he penetrated into one house after another, dragging both men and women and took them in custody .
Later in Acts (Chapter 9, 3-6) the following account of Saul repentance:
"But along the way, just as he approached Damascus, shining a light from heaven suddenly on him. He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying "Saul, Saul, why you persecute me?" He replied: "Who are you, sir?" He said: "I am Jesus whom you are persecuting. ” But get up and go into town, so you will know what to do. "
Paul called "pagans" Apostle "because he was the first mission among non-Jews. Without Paul, Christianity would have continued as a Jewish sect and not being a world religion.
Paul was executed by sword in Rome 67 years, while the Apostle Peter.
James the Elder
- Also called "the Great", and in Danish, "Sct. Ib”, was the brother of John. Zebedee sons were named after their father, whose name was Zebedee.
It recounted in Acts (Acts 12.2) to Jacob, was executed under Herod Agrippa (year 44). Thereby he became the first of the apostles who came to suffer martyrdom.
Pilgrims since medieval pilgrimage site visited Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain, where Jacob, according to a medieval legend, miraculously waged across the ocean after his death.
He has since become Spain's patron saint and acts as a symbol of "la Reconquista" in which the Christian kingdoms conquered the country from Muslim states in the Iberian peninsula.
In the ecclesiastical art he is often represented as a pilgrim with a hiking stick, bag and a hat with opkrammet shadow and sewed Ibskal.
Johannes
- Is the brother of James the Elder and the church traditions attributed authorship of the Gospel of John, John and Revelation. However, it is an assumption that lacks evidence.
After the death of Jesus Johannes holds a prominent role in clock-ward. He mentioned in Galatians (Gal. 2.9) as one of the pillars of the congregation, and he is with the Council of Jerusalem in Jerusalem, in the year 50 , the first 'summit' in the ecclesiastical world. The meeting served as a model for the next few centuries many church meetings, known as Council at which important theological issues were resolved, and how crucial confession writings were formulated.
John's fate is quite uncertain. According to a Syrian martyr list from 411 years under John martyred before the year 70th Another tradition reports that he emigrated to Ephesus where he lived for approx. år 100.
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Andreas
- Was the brother of Peter, and they were both fishermen. It follows the tradition that Jesus called them to the disciples, while he would turn them into "human fish".
In the Gospel of John (Chapter 1, 35-40) is told that Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist and that he was Jesus' first disciple: "The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. He sees Jesus coming towards and says: "Behold, Lamb of God." The two disciples heard what he said and followed Jesus. When Jesus turned and saw them follow, he said: "What do you want?" They said, "Rabbi, where do you live?" He said to them: "Come and see!" They went in and saw how he lived and stayed with him that day, it was about the tenth hour.
Andrew, Simon Peter's brother was one of the two who had heard what John said and had followed Jesus "According to tradition he became bishop in 38 years of Byzantium. This bishopric should eventually become the Patriarchate of Constantinople, whose patriarch is considered as apostolic successor of Andreas.
Matthias
- The Apostle, as we hear about the first time in Acts (Chapter 1, 15-26).
After Judas Iscariot had committed suicide as a result of having betrayed Jesus, the congregation will meet with Peter, who proposes to be appointed an apostle to replace Judas. From v. 23 reads: "They then set two, Joseph, called the Barsabbas nicknamed Justus, and Matthias, and prayed: "Lord, you who know everyone's hearts, show us which of the two you have chosen to take over the service and Acts, which Judas left to go away to the place where he belongs. "Then they threw left between them and the weight fell on Matthias, and he was counted as an apostle with the eleven."
James the Younger
- Also called the "Little", said sometimes to be the same as James "the Lord's brother" mentioned several times in the New Testament.
If this identification is correct, it should be James the Younger, who after James the Elder's death led the Christian congregation in Jerusalem, where he spent 62 years were martyred by stoning.
A century later, tells a converted jew, Hegesippus that Jacob was first put up on the temple spire and was urged to invite the crowd for not believing in Christ. He did the opposite, and were then thrown down from the temple, stoned and beaten to death.
Jacob's letter in the New Testament attributed generally Jacob, "Lord, brother."
Peter
- Also called Kefa, seen as the most important of Jesus' disciples.
Matthew (Ch 13-19) says: "When Jesus came to the area of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples:" Who says people that the Son of Man is? "They said:" Some say John the Baptist, others Elijah, and others Jerimias or another of the prophets. "Then he asked them:" But whom say ye that I am? "Simon Peter answered," You are the Christ, the living son of God. "And Jesus said to him," Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven. Og jeg siger dig, at du er Peter, og på den klippe vil jeg bygge min kirke, og dødsrigets porte skal ikke få magt over den. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on the rock I will build my church, and the death kingdom gates shall not prevail against it. Jeg vil give dig nøglerne til Himmeriget, og hvad du binder på jorden, skal være bundet i himlene, og hvad du løser på jorden, skal være løst i himlene I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven
The Roman Catholic Church sees Peter as the first bishop of Rome. The Pope is Peter's successor, and the key forces surrendered to the Pope, who becomes the link between God and man.
According to tradition under Peter martyred around the year 64 AD samtidig med Paulus. while Paulus. This happened because of the Roman Emperor Nero's persecution of the Christians.
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